{"id":11061342,"date":"2021-10-07T18:54:01","date_gmt":"2021-10-07T13:24:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/?page_id=11061342"},"modified":"2026-05-01T13:58:59","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T08:28:59","slug":"how-is-polyester-made","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/","title":{"rendered":"Manufacturing process of Polyester (10 steps)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Polyester fabric, the ever-so-popular, smooth, strong and durable man-made synthetic fabric, is made from petroleum-based synthetic fibers. These fibers are composed of synthesized polymers, which are long chains of repeating molecules. The process of making polyester fabric is fascinating &#8211; some basic\u00a0 materials dug from the soil is made into a fabric of significant utility and versatility.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Polyester fabric process makes a fabric that is superior in many ways&nbsp; &#8211; it is made to withstand frequent use, resist wear and tear, and one that repels moisture and dries quickly. It is also made to be easily maintainable and also retain its color even with frequent washes. Polyester <a href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/blended-fabrics\/\">can also be blended with other textile fibers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/natural-fabrics-and-natural-fibers\/\">even natural fibers<\/a>, to make far more superior fabrics.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Watch the video for the manufacturing process of polyester:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Polyester Yarn Manufacturing Process\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fNdsOraykNI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-white ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#What_is_polyester_made_of\" >What is polyester made of?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#The_manufacturing_process_of_polyester_goes_through_different_steps_as_given_below\" >The manufacturing process of polyester goes through different steps as given below<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Step_1_Extraction_of_Crude_Oil\" >Step 1. Extraction of Crude Oil<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Step_2_Refining_Crude_Oil\" >Step 2. Refining Crude Oil<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Step_3_Production_of_Ethylene_and_Terephthalic_Acid\" >Step 3. Production of Ethylene and Terephthalic Acid<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Step_4_Combination_of_Ethylene_and_Terephthalic_Acid\" >Step 4. Combination of Ethylene and Terephthalic Acid<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Step_5_Polymerization_of_PET\" >Step 5. Polymerization of PET<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Step_6_Spinning\" >Step 6. Spinning<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Step_7_Drawing\" >Step 7. Drawing&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Making_of_polyester_yarns\" >Making of polyester yarns<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Step_8_Winding\" >Step 8. Winding<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Step_9_Weaving_or_knitting\" >Step 9. Weaving or knitting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Step_10_Fabric_finishes_on_polyester\" >Step 10. Fabric finishes on polyester<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Myths_and_environmental_concerns_of_polyester_manufacturing\" >Myths and environmental concerns of polyester manufacturing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Polyester_is_made_from_Petrochemicas\" >Polyester is made from Petrochemicas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Polyester_production_is_an_Energy-Intensive_Process\" >Polyester production is an Energy-Intensive Process<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/#Environmental_pollution_during_and_after_manufacturing\" >Environmental pollution during and after manufacturing<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_polyester_made_of\"><\/span><strong>What is polyester made of?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"OYPEnA text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">Polyester is made from petroleum-based synthetic fibers composed of synthesized polymers, known as polyethylene terephthalate (PET)<\/span>. So, Polyester is basically <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">plastic <\/span>made into flexible, textile-grade fibers<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">with different properties.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The word Polyester is derived from the words &#8216;Poly&#8217; meaning <em>many<\/em> and Ester is the basic organic compound of polyester. Ethylene, a derivative of petroleum, is used in the manufacture of polyester.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_manufacturing_process_of_polyester_goes_through_different_steps_as_given_below\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The manufacturing process of polyester goes through different steps as given below<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" src=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/polyester-fabric.png\" alt=\"polyester production process infographic \" class=\"wp-image-11094764\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/polyester-fabric.png 1200w, https:\/\/sewguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/polyester-fabric-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/sewguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/polyester-fabric-150x79.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_1_Extraction_of_Crude_Oil\"><\/span><strong>Step 1. Extraction of Crude Oil<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The process of making polyester fabric begins with the extraction of crude oil from underground reserves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_2_Refining_Crude_Oil\"><\/span><strong>Step 2. Refining Crude Oil<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Crude oil is refined to make various petrochemicals like ethylene and terephthalic acid, that are essential components for polyester production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_3_Production_of_Ethylene_and_Terephthalic_Acid\"><\/span><strong>Step 3. Production of Ethylene and Terephthalic Acid<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ethylene and terephthalic acid are obtained through the refining process and serve as the primary raw materials for PET production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_4_Combination_of_Ethylene_and_Terephthalic_Acid\"><\/span><strong>Step 4. Combination of Ethylene and Terephthalic Acid<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ethylene and terephthalic acid are chemically combined through a reaction to create PET (polyethylene terephthalate) as a polymer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_5_Polymerization_of_PET\"><\/span><strong>Step 5. Polymerization of PET<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Polymerization is the process by which polyester is manufactured from the main ingredient of ethylene.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Polyester is produced by polymerizing ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid (PTA) or dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), forming PET polymer chains..\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">An ester called dimethyl terephthalate is reacted with alcohol called ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst at a high temperature. The resulting monomer alcohol is combined with terephthalic acid at high temperatures. The polymerized material is extruded in the form of a long ribbon which is air-cooled. Once the ribbon hardens, it is cut into pellets.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_6_Spinning\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Step 6. Spinning<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The pellets of polyester are thermoplastic which means they can be heated and remolded into different forms. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The pellets are put into a reservoir and heated and melted to form a syrup-like solution. This solution is put into a container with small holes called spinnerets. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The solution is extruded through spinnerets and cooled by air to produce continuous filaments or fibers. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The size and shape of the spinnerets decide the diameter and shape of the fibers.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_7_Drawing\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Step 7. Drawing&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Fibers coming out of the spinnerets are soft. They are heat stretched up to five times their original length. This process decreases their width and increases the strength, tenacity, and resilience of the fiber. It will no longer be brittle.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Making_of_polyester_yarns\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Making of polyester yarns<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">There are<a href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/types-of-yarn\/\"> two types of polyester yarns<\/a> made from polyester fiber. They are called filament yarn and spun yarn. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Filament polyester yarns consist of long, continuous fibers, while spun polyester yarns are made from staple fibers twisted together to mimic the feel of natural fibers. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Spun yarns on the other hand are created by twisting the fibers like the way we spun cotton or wool. The long polyester fibers are cut into short pieces called staples and combined. And they are spun together to make up a yarn.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_8_Winding\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Step 8. Winding<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The fibers are then wound onto cones or large bobbins ready to weave or crimped and cut into staple lengths to blend with other fibers.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_9_Weaving_or_knitting\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Step 9. Weaving or knitting<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">The yarn bobbins or cones are loaded onto looms or knitting machines, depending on the desired fabric type.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">In weaving, the polyester yarns are interlaced at right angles to create a woven fabric. The yarns running lengthwise are called the warp, while the yarns running widthwise are known as the weft. This <a href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/fabric-weaving-types\/\">weaving process<\/a> creates <a href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/fabric-patterns\/\">various fabric patterns<\/a>, such as plain, twill, or satin weaves, depending on the arrangement of the yarns.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">In knitting, the polyester yarns are formed into fabric through a series of interconnected loops. This process is commonly used for creating knitwear, jerseys, and stretchy fabrics.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Making blends<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Polyester can be combined with other fibers to make a variety of blends. The most popular blend might be that of cotton and polyester. Cotton makes the fabric more absorbing and comfortable whereas polyester makes it more stain and wrinkle-free. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Polyester is also blended with wool to make it more wrinkle-free and increase the durability of the fabric. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Polyester and rayon are other popular blends where the combination gives it a different texture, makes it more absorbent, and a good drape.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Similarly, polyester and nylon blend produces strong, durable, easy to launder, and resistant to mildew. But since both these fibers do not have absorbency, the fabric made of these blends is not ideal for warm and humid climates.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">As a fabric with multiple uses in manufacturing, dressmaking, and home decor the reputation of polyester is stellar. But the production leaves a lot to be desired, as it is derived from petrochemicals, and its production involves energy-intensive processes.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_10_Fabric_finishes_on_polyester\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Step 10. Fabric finishes on polyester<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Fabric finishes are applied after the polyester fabric is made is to enhance its performance. Some common finishes applied are anti-static finish, anti-pill finish, flame retardant finish, water repellent finish, moisture wicking finish, and UV resistant finish.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-base-background-color has-background\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Myths_and_environmental_concerns_of_polyester_manufacturing\"><\/span><strong>Myths and environmental concerns of polyester manufacturing<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Polyester_is_made_from_Petrochemicas\"><\/span><strong>Polyester is made from Petrochemicas<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Polyester is made from non-renewable resources, derived from crude oil or natural gas. It is also not bio-degradable. ie it doesnot decompose over time, remaining in the environment for extended periods. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>(Though some variants use recycled plastics or bio-based alternatives and Newer bio-polyester and enzymatically degradable polyesters are being developed to decompose faster)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Polyester_production_is_an_Energy-Intensive_Process\"><\/span><strong>Polyester production is an Energy-Intensive Process<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The transformation of petrochemicals into polyester fibers involves energy-intensive processes, including high-temperature reactions and chemical inputs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Polyester production requires significant energy but consumes less water than cotton. Recycled polyester (rPET) reduces energy use and carbon emissions compared to virgin polyester.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Environmental_pollution_during_and_after_manufacturing\"><\/span><strong>Environmental pollution during and after manufacturing<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Polyester sheds microfibers or plastic particles during washing. These particles can find their way into waterways and marine ecosystems, potentially harming aquatic life. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I cannot find any evidence suggesting that this is wrong. But have read that, <strong><em>Some manufacturers use closed-loop systems to recycle water and chemicals, reducing pollution.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/what-are-textiles\/\">Out of all textiles<\/a>, the journey of polyester fabric, <a href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-fabric-made-fiber-to-fabric\/\">from raw materials to the final fabric<\/a>, is a fascinating testament to human technological advancement.<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">And, efforts are on to reduce its problems like plastic pollution due to shedding during washing and its limited biodegradability. If these production practices are successful, it will truly add to the charm of the fabric, that is already one of the most popular ones.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Related post : <a href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/polyester-care\/\">Caring for polyester to prevent shrinkage<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/polyester-fabric\/\">Facts about polyester fabric<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Read more about the production process of polyester :<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\"> Books : <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/textilefibersdye0000need\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Textile fibers, dyes, finishes, and processes : A concise guide<\/a> (Howard L. Needles).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt;\">Book : <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.co.in\/books\/about\/Monomers_Polymers_and_Composites_from_Re.html?id=N-byhCZyTn0C&amp;redir_esc=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monomers, Polymers and Composites from Renewable Resources<\/a> by Mohamed Naceur Belgacem, Alessandro Gandini &#8211; This book describes how &#8220;dwindling of fossil resources, coupled with the drastic increase in oil prices&#8221; have led to the production and popularity of polyester fabric.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Polyester fabric, the ever-so-popular, smooth, strong and durable man-made synthetic fabric, is made from petroleum-based synthetic fibers. These fibers are composed of synthesized polymers, which are long chains of repeating molecules. The process of making polyester fabric is fascinating &#8211; some basic\u00a0 materials dug from the soil is made into a fabric of significant utility &#8230; <a title=\"Manufacturing process of Polyester (10 steps)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/how-is-polyester-made\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Manufacturing process of Polyester (10 steps)\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11084203,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,119],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-11061342","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"category-fabric","7":"category-textile-properties"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11061342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11061342"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11061342\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11084203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11061342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11061342"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sewguide.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11061342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}